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Sir Muhammad Iqbāl (Urdu: محمد اقبال)
(November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938) was an Indian Muslim poet, philosopher and
politician, whose poetry in Persian and Urdu is regarded as among the greatest
in modern times.[1] Also famous for his work on religious and political
philosophy in Islam, he is credited with first proposing the idea of an
independent state for Indian Muslims, which would inspire the creation of
Pakistan. He is commonly referred to as Allama Iqbal (Urdu: علامہ اقبال), where
Allama means Scholar.
After studying in England and Germany, Iqbal established a law practice, but
concentrated primarily on writing scholarly works on politics, economics,
history, philosophy and religion. He is best known for his poetic works,
including Asrar-e-Khudi—which brought a knighthood— Rumuz-i-Bekhudi, and the
Bang-i-Dara, with its enduring patriotic song Tarana-e-Hind. In Afghanistan and
Iran, where he is known as Iqbal-e-Lahori (Persian: اقبال لاهوری, Iqbal of
Lahore), he is highly regarded for his Persian works.
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